I have some old HFS formatted burned CDs burning in toast on a classic mac. A friend needs his stuff moved off these backups onto his NAS but his modern mac cannot read these CDs. I can mount them in linux manually but the filenames have illegal characters so I cannot copy them over to anything without losing like half of them.
How to I copy these files off the CDs?


HFS, not HFS+. The characters are not being substituted. KDE throws errors and dies. rsync and cp fail to move all files, giving a list of things they skipped.
This might help:
https://itsfoss.gitlab.io/post/the-ultimate-guide-to-handling-filenames-with-special-characters-in-linux/
nope, that didnt help. theres HFS stuff this system doesnt like so it can see things but not interact with them
I’m pretty sure you just have an old and degraded disc.