I see why that’s an issue.

If your distro ships with the tool inxi, you can dump a lot of data about your system with inxi -Fazy. Folks might be better able to help you then. The -z flag filters sensitive information.

I just put a bunch of stuff on this pc and would rather not have to switch back to mint.

If you move that stuff to a partition that’s different from where root lives, switching operating systems shouldn’t be a problem. You can just mount the data partition on your new OS, if the need arises.

To answer the original question, even though @RedWeasel@lemmy.world’s advice really is superior:

All commands that can be executed via your shell must live in your $PATH or their subdirectories. You could enumerate all files in there, filter by being executable, and run them with the --help argument.

You can then filter these commands by their exit code. If --help is a recognized flag, the exit code should be 0. Otherwise it should be something else. (Running every command blindly might be a bad idea though.)